In this paper, Philip Carabott examines dominant visions of the past during the Metaxas regime of 1936-1940, drawing primarily on a range of sources including the writings of the dictator. Besides representing the Greek experience of the “age of dictatorships” […]
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One usual debate about the Fourth of August regime is whether it was a fascist regime. In rough numbers, about one third of historians consider it ‘fascist’, while the other two thirds consider it ‘authoritarian’, ‘quasi-fascist’, ‘radical conservative’ and so […]
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Until we secure mothers of conscience for Greece, we must emphasise the family order… As the family is the basic cell of every society, mothers also constitute the primary foundation of society. (H Neolaia, July 1937) The compounded impact of the […]
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Nelly was the 4th of August regime’s favorite photographer, which earned her the epithet of ‘the Greek Leni Riefenstahl’. Nelly (whose real name was Elli Sougioultzoglou-Seraidari, in Greek Έλλη Σουγιουλτζόγλου-Σεραϊδάρη) was born in Aidini, near Smyrna, in Asia Minor. She […]
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It is remarkable that the first visit from a foreign representative to the newly established 4th of August State was to be Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany. Metaxas had established his regime on August 4, 1936, and […]
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Theologos Nikoloudis (Θεολόγος Νικολούδης) was a Greek journalist and politician, more known as the Greek sub-minister of Press and Tourism (Yfipourgeio Typou kai Tourismou, YTT, Υφυπουργειο Τύπου και Τουρισμού), which despite its modest name was a fully operating ministry of propaganda […]
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The regime established by Ioannis Metaxas on August 4, 1936 was branded as the ‘New State’, so it was only normal that the new state would have a new symbol. The same had occured earlier with the Fascist and Nazi ascent […]
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This is the original obituary published on The Examiner, Wednesday 29 January 1941, about John Metaxas’ death. METAXAS DIES – INSPIRER OF GREEKS London, Wednesday 29 January 1941. – General John Metaxas, the popular Premier-Dictator of Greece, died in […]
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This essay focuses on the diplomatic and especially on the political background in Greece that predated the establishment of Metaxas’ dictatorship. The author analyzes and assesses the events that took place in Greece between 1932 and 1935, just before the […]
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The first and most crucial question to arise in any examination of the “Fourth of August” regime is whether and to what extent it was influenced by contemporary European totalitarian systems. More specifically, since fascist regimes constituted the fashion of […]
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