The government of Ioannis Metaxas, ruling Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941, is often remembered for its conservative ideology, yet it implemented notable reforms and policies. The regime, known as the “4th of August Regime,” was a quasi-fascist dictatorship, resembling […]
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There are several theories suggesting that Ioannis Metaxas may have been murdered rather than dying of natural causes, as the official record states. These theories, while not widely accepted by mainstream historians, arise from the circumstances surrounding his death in […]
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The Metaxas regime in Greece (1936-1941) placed a strong emphasis on athletics and sports, viewing them as essential tools for shaping the character and strength of the nation. Sports were not only seen as a means of improving physical fitness […]
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After Metaxas’ death in late January 1941, the former Alexandros Koryzis, Governor of the National Bank of Greece and a former Minister of Social Welfare in the 4th of August’s cabinet, was sworn as Metaxas’ successor. He pledged himself to […]
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Many people tend to think that the 4th of August regime ended with Ioannis Metaxas’ death in late January 1941. It can be understood, since Metaxas was the obvious strongman in the dictatorship, but it’s not historically true. The regime […]
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While Ioannis Metaxas is largely remembered for being the ‘Archigos’ (the ‘Leader’) of the 4th of August regime, his private life was much more complex than his public image suggested. Here are 17 intriguing and lesser-known aspects about the personal life, youth, […]
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In this paper, Philip Carabott examines dominant visions of the past during the Metaxas regime of 1936-1940, drawing primarily on a range of sources including the writings of the dictator. Besides representing the Greek experience of the “age of dictatorships” […]
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One usual debate about the Fourth of August regime is whether it was a fascist regime. In rough numbers, about one third of historians consider it ‘fascist’, while the other two thirds consider it ‘authoritarian’, ‘quasi-fascist’, ‘radical conservative’ and so […]
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The Labour Battalions (Greek: Τάγματα Εργασίας, Tagmata Ergasias) was a short-lived paramilitary organization manned by unemployed Greeks during the quasi-fascist 4th of August regime in Greece (1936-1941). It was created as the initiative of Kostas Kotzias, the deputy minister of […]
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The perceived militarism of ancient Spartan society had an obvious appeal for all fascist regimes including the Third Reich, but for Ioannis Metaxas and the Greek fascist regime it had a more intimate and deeper connection entrenched in blood and sentiment. In […]
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